# Después de Instalar Debian 12

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Nos bajamos la ISO de la web oficial de debian podéis elegir la versión stable o testing. Personalmente me quedo con la stable y luego le añado los repositorios. \
\
Grabamos la ISO y comenzamos la instalación.

<figure><img src="https://1432118199-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F8OmP3fsuoPnoJAJysYDx%2Fuploads%2FV5V7BASIUTG3hTYfY3Sn%2FTux.png?alt=media&#x26;token=8b7811b3-814f-40da-8583-c25ae88a8835" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Lo primero que vemos es que no tenemos sudo!!!

Habilitamos sudo hacemos login con root

```sh
su - root
```

Ahora habilitamos nuestro usuario con permisos de sudo

```sh
usermod -aG sudo $USER
```

y después reiniciamos el sistema.

<figure><img src="https://1432118199-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F8OmP3fsuoPnoJAJysYDx%2Fuploads%2FtfUKsfddyJJM6obCCtBp%2FNicePng_linux-penguin-png_7963695.png?alt=media&#x26;token=333cda86-1bd2-4fab-949e-494aa7ab5821" alt="" width="138"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Después de reiniciar ya tenemos nuestro sudo.&#x20;

Agregamos los repositorios `non-free` y `backports`

```sh
# Repos oficiales no libres
deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

# Actualizaciones
deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

# Seguridad
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

# Repositorios Backports
deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

# Multimedia
deb https://www.deb-multimedia.org bookworm main non-free
```

\
Agregamos las claves gpg

```sh
apt-key adv --keyserver keyring.debian.org --recv-keys 5C808C2B65558117
apt-key export 65558117 | sudo gpg --dearmour -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-multimedia.gpg
```

\
Y actualizamos el repositorio y el sistema

<pre class="language-sh"><code class="lang-sh"><strong>sudo apt update &#x26;&#x26; sudo apt upgrade -y
</strong></code></pre>

{% hint style="info" %}
Si hemos tenido muchas actualizaciones, sobre todo alguna del kernel, recomendable reiniciar el sistema.
{% endhint %}

\
Instalación de paquetes, esta es mi selección de paquetes que tengo instalados, incluye desde librerías, programas variados, herramientas de desarrollo...

```sh
sudo apt install build-essential dkms make cmake linux-headers-$(uname -r) bc bison flex rsync amd64-microcode firmware-amd-graphics firmware-linux firmware-linux-free firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-misc-nonfree util-linux cifs-utils libfuse2 sysfsutils zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev iperf3 libiperf0 apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common dirmngr gnupg openssl libssl-dev sshfs libgbm1 libgjs0g libsqlite3-dev jq libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev libelf-dev pkg-config brasero cdrdao dvdauthor -y
```

y esta es mi selección que se instala desde el repositorio backports

```sh
sudo apt install -t bookworm-backports h264enc vulkan-tools vulkan-validationlayers mesa-utils mesa-utils-bin mesa-utils-extra mesa-va-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-opencl-icd libva2 vainfo libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0 libegl-mesa0 duf vim git curl wget nmap nvme-cli dexdump lm-sensors htop vlc libaacs0 libaacs-dev lame libbluray2 ffmpeg neofetch flac gparted meld filezilla keepassxc gimp gimp-help-es gimp-data-extras v4l-utils libdvd-pkg libdvdread8 libavcodec59 papirus-icon-theme arc-theme python3 python3-pip python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk bpytop python3-psutil libglib2.0-dev-bin gir1.2-gtk-4.0 gjs libgtk-4-1 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-4-common libxatracker2 ttf-mscorefonts-installer gir1.2-gtop-2.0 p7zip-full rar unrar zip unzip bzip2 gnome-shell-extension-manager gnome-maps gnome-weather h264enc -y
```

{% hint style="info" %}
Para la instalación de paquetes de un repositorio concreto, añadimos -t y el repo

`sudo apt install -t bookworm-backports nombre_del_paquete`
{% endhint %}

\
Claves para películas en DVD

```sh
sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg
sudo apt install libdvdcss-dev libdvdcss2 -y
```

\
Configuración de `lm-sensors`

```sh
yes "" | sudo sensors-detect
```

Herramientas de red

```bash
sudo apt install ethtool iperf3 nmap -y
```

\
TPM2.0 Tools

```bash
sudo apt install tpm2-abrmd tpm2-tools -y
```

\
Oracle Java JDK

```sh
wget -c https://download.oracle.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
tar -zxvf jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz
cd jdk-21_linux-x64_bin
sudo mv jdk-21.0.6 /usr/lib/jvm/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk-21.0.6 /usr/lib/jvm/default-java
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin/javac" 1
sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin/java" 1

echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

$ java -version
"21.0.6" 2025-01-21 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188, mixed mode, sharing)
```

\
Google Chrome

```sh
curl -fSsL https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg >> /dev/null
echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y google-chrome-stable
```

\
VirtualBox 7.1

```sh
echo deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bookworm contrib | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
wget -O- https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc | sudo apt-key add -
apt-key export 2980AECF | sudo gpg --dearmour -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/virtualbox.gpg
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y virtualbox-7.1
sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers $USER
```

\
Visual Studio Code

```sh
curl -fSsL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/vscode.gpg >/dev/null
echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/vscode.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/visual-studio.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y code
```

\
Kubectl

```sh
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
chmod a+x kubectl
sudo mv kubectl /usr/bin/
```

\
Thunderbird, cliente de correo

```sh
sudo apt install thunderbird thunderbird-l10n-es-es -y
```

\
Eliminar juegos Gnome

```sh
sudo apt purge --autoremove gnome-games gpac zutty -y
```

\
Azure Cli

```sh
curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash
```

\
Pyenv

```sh
curl https://pyenv.run | bash
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.bashrc
```

\
Firewall

```sh
sudo apt install ufw -y
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw default deny incoming
sudo ufw default allow outgoing
sudo ufw status verbose
sudo apt install gufw
```

\
Wireguard

```bash
sudo apt install wireguard -y
```

\
OBS Studio

```sh
sudo apt install ffmpeg obs-studio -y
```

\
OpenVPN

```sh
sudo apt install network-manager-openvpn-gnome openvpn-systemd-resolved -y
```

\
Habilitamos el servicio de TRIM

```sh
sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer
sudo systemctl start fstrim.timer
```

\
Habilitar la escala fraccionada del monitor en los ajustes de Gnome, si tienes un monitor 4K lo vas agradecer.

<figure><img src="https://1432118199-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F8OmP3fsuoPnoJAJysYDx%2Fuploads%2F0K1lvnOQSFhq1HOZvXNq%2Fimage.png?alt=media&#x26;token=d8095cf1-0ae5-4cf2-8ac8-69fb607c8d80" alt="" width="375"><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

```sh
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter experimental-features "['scale-monitor-framebuffer']"
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter center-new-windows true
```

\
Me faltarían algunas aplicacion que se instalan por .deb, como rpi-imager, cambiar firefox ESR por la version actual disponible, thunderbird (estas 2 ultimas, las instalo desde .tar.gz y luego creo un .desktop para añadir al `/home/$USER/.local/share/applications` para que se muestren en el menu de las aplicaciones, ya tengo tema para otra entrada! :smile:)

<figure><img src="https://1432118199-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F8OmP3fsuoPnoJAJysYDx%2Fuploads%2F1LkeQaIAB1J2rjhnJQuD%2FCaptura%20desde%202023-08-23%2021-24-06.png?alt=media&#x26;token=20959749-a734-4080-acb7-7e7612dac4f5" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>