# Después de Instalar Debian 12
Nos bajamos la ISO de la web oficial de debian podéis elegir la versión stable o testing. Personalmente me quedo con la stable y luego le añado los repositorios.\ \ Grabamos la ISO y comenzamos la instalación.
Lo primero que vemos es que no tenemos sudo!!! Habilitamos sudo hacemos login con root ```sh su - root ``` Ahora habilitamos nuestro usuario con permisos de sudo ```sh usermod -aG sudo $USER ``` y después reiniciamos el sistema.
Después de reiniciar ya tenemos nuestro sudo. Agregamos los repositorios `non-free` y `backports` ```sh # Repos oficiales no libres deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # Actualizaciones deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # Seguridad deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # Repositorios Backports deb https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://ftp.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware # Multimedia deb https://www.deb-multimedia.org bookworm main non-free ``` \ Agregamos las claves gpg ```sh apt-key adv --keyserver keyring.debian.org --recv-keys 5C808C2B65558117 apt-key export 65558117 | sudo gpg --dearmour -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/debian-multimedia.gpg ``` \ Y actualizamos el repositorio y el sistema 
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
{% hint style="info" %} Si hemos tenido muchas actualizaciones, sobre todo alguna del kernel, recomendable reiniciar el sistema. {% endhint %} \ Instalación de paquetes, esta es mi selección de paquetes que tengo instalados, incluye desde librerías, programas variados, herramientas de desarrollo... ```sh sudo apt install build-essential dkms make cmake linux-headers-$(uname -r) bc bison flex rsync amd64-microcode firmware-amd-graphics firmware-linux firmware-linux-free firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-misc-nonfree util-linux cifs-utils libfuse2 sysfsutils zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev iperf3 libiperf0 apt-transport-https ca-certificates software-properties-common dirmngr gnupg openssl libssl-dev sshfs libgbm1 libgjs0g libsqlite3-dev jq libncursesw5-dev xz-utils tk-dev libxml2-dev libxmlsec1-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev libelf-dev pkg-config brasero cdrdao dvdauthor -y ``` y esta es mi selección que se instala desde el repositorio backports ```sh sudo apt install -t bookworm-backports h264enc vulkan-tools vulkan-validationlayers mesa-utils mesa-utils-bin mesa-utils-extra mesa-va-drivers mesa-vdpau-drivers mesa-vulkan-drivers mesa-opencl-icd libva2 vainfo libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglx-mesa0 libegl-mesa0 duf vim git curl wget nmap nvme-cli dexdump lm-sensors htop vlc libaacs0 libaacs-dev lame libbluray2 ffmpeg neofetch flac gparted meld filezilla keepassxc gimp gimp-help-es gimp-data-extras v4l-utils libdvd-pkg libdvdread8 libavcodec59 papirus-icon-theme arc-theme python3 python3-pip python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk bpytop python3-psutil libglib2.0-dev-bin gir1.2-gtk-4.0 gjs libgtk-4-1 libgtk-4-bin libgtk-4-common libxatracker2 ttf-mscorefonts-installer gir1.2-gtop-2.0 p7zip-full rar unrar zip unzip bzip2 gnome-shell-extension-manager gnome-maps gnome-weather h264enc -y ``` {% hint style="info" %} Para la instalación de paquetes de un repositorio concreto, añadimos -t y el repo `sudo apt install -t bookworm-backports nombre_del_paquete` {% endhint %} \ Claves para películas en DVD ```sh sudo dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg sudo apt install libdvdcss-dev libdvdcss2 -y ``` \ Configuración de `lm-sensors` ```sh yes "" | sudo sensors-detect ``` Herramientas de red ```bash sudo apt install ethtool iperf3 nmap -y ``` \ TPM2.0 Tools ```bash sudo apt install tpm2-abrmd tpm2-tools -y ``` \ Oracle Java JDK ```sh wget -c https://download.oracle.com/java/21/latest/jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz tar -zxvf jdk-21_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz cd jdk-21_linux-x64_bin sudo mv jdk-21.0.6 /usr/lib/jvm/ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jdk-21.0.6 /usr/lib/jvm/default-java sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/javac" "javac" "/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin/javac" 1 sudo update-alternatives --install "/usr/bin/java" "java" "/usr/lib/jvm/default-java/bin/java" 1 echo "export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/default-java" >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrc $ java -version "21.0.6" 2025-01-21 LTS Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 21.0.6+8-LTS-188, mixed mode, sharing) ``` \ Google Chrome ```sh curl -fSsL https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg >> /dev/null echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/google-chrome.gpg] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y google-chrome-stable ``` \ VirtualBox 7.1 ```sh echo deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bookworm contrib | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list wget -O- https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc | sudo apt-key add - apt-key export 2980AECF | sudo gpg --dearmour -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/virtualbox.gpg sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y virtualbox-7.1 sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers $USER ``` \ Visual Studio Code ```sh curl -fSsL https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/vscode.gpg >/dev/null echo deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/vscode.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/visual-studio.list sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y code ``` \ Kubectl ```sh curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl" chmod a+x kubectl sudo mv kubectl /usr/bin/ ``` \ Thunderbird, cliente de correo ```sh sudo apt install thunderbird thunderbird-l10n-es-es -y ``` \ Eliminar juegos Gnome ```sh sudo apt purge --autoremove gnome-games gpac zutty -y ``` \ Azure Cli ```sh curl -sL https://aka.ms/InstallAzureCLIDeb | sudo bash ``` \ Pyenv ```sh curl https://pyenv.run | bash echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.bashrc ``` \ Firewall ```sh sudo apt install ufw -y sudo ufw enable sudo ufw default deny incoming sudo ufw default allow outgoing sudo ufw status verbose sudo apt install gufw ``` \ Wireguard ```bash sudo apt install wireguard -y ``` \ OBS Studio ```sh sudo apt install ffmpeg obs-studio -y ``` \ OpenVPN ```sh sudo apt install network-manager-openvpn-gnome openvpn-systemd-resolved -y ``` \ Habilitamos el servicio de TRIM ```sh sudo systemctl enable fstrim.timer sudo systemctl start fstrim.timer ``` \ Habilitar la escala fraccionada del monitor en los ajustes de Gnome, si tienes un monitor 4K lo vas agradecer.
```sh gsettings set org.gnome.mutter experimental-features "['scale-monitor-framebuffer']" gsettings set org.gnome.mutter center-new-windows true ``` \ Me faltarían algunas aplicacion que se instalan por .deb, como rpi-imager, cambiar firefox ESR por la version actual disponible, thunderbird (estas 2 ultimas, las instalo desde .tar.gz y luego creo un .desktop para añadir al `/home/$USER/.local/share/applications` para que se muestren en el menu de las aplicaciones, ya tengo tema para otra entrada! :smile:)
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